Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including at least one specific light-emitting material; and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole-transporting region including at least one specific hole-transporting material.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2013-0068641, filed on Jun. 14, 2013, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “Organic Light-Emitting Device,” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Provided is an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emitting devices that may have wide viewing angles, excellent contrast, quick response times, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and can provide multicolored images.

SUMMARY

Embodiments are directed to an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer. The emission layer includes at least one light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1A to 1E:

wherein, in Formulae 1A to 1E,

ring A and ring B are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring; and     -   ii) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀         heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each         independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a         C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group);

C₁ to C₄ each independently represent carbon atoms forming the ring A or the ring B;

X₁ is CR₁ or N; X₂ is CR₂ or N;

R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group), wherein R₁ and R₂ may connect to each other to selectively form a C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀ unsaturated ring;

Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁;

Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄);

L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group;

n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3;

Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a         C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;     -   ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with         at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀         aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl         group;     -   iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

The hole-transporting region includes at least one hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2):

wherein, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2),

X₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; X₁₂ is CR₁₂ or N; X₁₃ is CR₁₃ or N; X₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; X₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; X₁₆ is CR₁₆ or N; X₁₇ is CR₁₇ or N; X₁₈ is CR₁₈ or N; X₁₉ is CR₁₉ or N; X₂₀ is CR₂₀ or N; X₂₁ is CR₂₁ or N; X₂₂ is CR₂₂ or N; X₂₃ is CR₂₃ or N; X₂₄ is CR₂₄ or N;

Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a         cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group,         hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a         sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group         or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,         a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;     -   ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with         at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀         aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl         group;     -   iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;     -   iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;         and     -   v) —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇) (wherein,         Q₁₁ to Q₁₇ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀         alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl         group);

Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a         C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;     -   ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at         least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀         aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl         group;     -   iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;         and

p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to 4.

In an embodiment, the ring A and the ring B may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring; and     -   ii) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₂₀         heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each         independently a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group).

In an embodiment, the ring A and the ring B may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine,         pyrazine, quinoline, and isoquinoline; and     -   ii) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine,         pyrazine, quinoline, and isoquinoline each substituted with at         least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl         group, a t-butyl group, an octyl group, a phenyl group, a         naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and —N(Ph)₂.

In an embodiment, at least one of n1 and n2 may each nonzero, and L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group,         a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group;     -   ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group,         a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each         substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a         naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group;     -   iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene         group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl         group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an         ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group,         and a carbazole group.

In an embodiment, Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   ii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl         group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In an embodiment, Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ may each independently be a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1 to H81:

wherein, in Formulae H1 to H81, * is a bonding site to N, L₁, or L₂.

In an embodiment, L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group,         a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group;     -   ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group,         a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each         substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a         naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group; and     -   iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene         group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl         group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an         ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group,         and a carbazole group;

n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 or 1;

Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1, H3, H4, H6, H12, and H77 to H80:

In an embodiment, the light-emitting material may be represented by any one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-28:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-28,

Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁;

Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄);

L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group;

n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3;

Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a         C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀)         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;     -   ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with         at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀         aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl         group;     -   iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In an embodiment, the light-emitting material may be represented by any one of Compounds 100 to 236:

In an embodiment, X₁₁ may be C(R₁₁), X₁₂ may be C(R₁₂), X₁₃ may be C(R₁₃), X₁₄ may be C(R₁₄), X₁₅ may be C(R₁₅), X₁₆ may be C(R₁₆), X₁₇ may be C(R₁₇), X₁₈ may be C(R₁₈), X₁₉ may be C(R₁₉), X₂₀ may be C(R₂₀), X₂₁ may be C(R₂₁), X₂₂ may be C(R₂₂), X₂₃ may be C(R₂₃), and X₂₄ may be C(R₂₄).

In an embodiment, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a         spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,         a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a         chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a         pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an         indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a         quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group,         a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and     -   ii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a         spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,         a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a         chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a         pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an         indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a         quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group,         a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group each substituted with         at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀         alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl         group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an         anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a         pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl         group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl         group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl         group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a         cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

In an embodiment, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ may each independently be represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-20, * represents a bonding site to N of Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2).

In an embodiment, Z₁ and Z₂ may each independently be selected from

-   -   i) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;     -   ii) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected         from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,         a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine,         hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic         acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt         thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a         spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,         a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a         chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a         pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an         indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a         quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group,         a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;     -   iii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a         spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,         a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a         chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a         pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an         indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a         quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group,         a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and     -   iv) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a         spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group,         a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a         chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a         pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an         indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a         quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group,         a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group each substituted with         at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀         alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl         group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an         anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a         pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl         group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl         group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl         group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a         cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

In an embodiment, Z₁ and Z₂ may each independently be selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-20, * represents a carbon atom of a fluorene ring in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2).

In an embodiment, Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group.

In an embodiment, Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

In an embodiment, the hole-transporting material may be represented by any one of Formulae 2a and 2b:

wherein, in Formula 2a or 2b,

Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently represented by any one of a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and Formulae 3-1 to 3-20;

Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and compounds represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20; and

p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to 4.

In an embodiment, the hole-transporting material may be represented by any one of Compounds 6-1 to 6-144:

Also provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer. The emission layer includes at least one light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-28:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-28,

Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁;

Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄);

L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group,         a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group;     -   ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group,         a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each         substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a         naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group;     -   iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene         group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each         substituted with at least one of deuterium, a methyl group, an         ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group,         a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, and a         carbazole group;

n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3;

Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1 to H81:

wherein, in Formulae H1 to H81, * is a bonding site to N, L₁, or L₂;

R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from

-   -   i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;     -   ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀         alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with         at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl         group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino         group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt         thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric         acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a         C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀         aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl         group;     -   iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and     -   iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,         a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,         a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each         substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen         atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino         group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid         group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt         thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀         alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a         C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀         heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy         group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

The hole-transporting region includes at least one hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2a and 2b:

wherein, in Formula 2a or 2b,

Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20; and

p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to 4.

Further provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer. The emission layer includes at least one selected from Compounds 100 to 236:

The hole-transporting region includes at least one selected from Compounds 6-1 to 6-144:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features will become apparent to those of skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a structure of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment; and

FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate graphs of efficiency versus brightness of organic light-emitting devices according to the embodiments of Examples 1 to 12 as well as Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawing figures, the dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration.

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a structure of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a substrate 11, a first electrode 13, an organic layer 15, and a second electrode 17. Hereinafter, a structure and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device, according to embodiments, is described with reference to FIG. 1.

The substrate 11 may be any substrate suitable for use in an organic light-emitting device, such as a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate having, for example, strong mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance, may be used.

The first electrode 13 may be formed on the substrate 11 by depositing or sputtering a first electrode-forming material onto a surface of the substrate 11. When the first electrode 13 is an anode, a material having a high work function may be used as the first electrode-forming material to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 13 may be a reflective electrode or a transmission electrode. Materials having excellent transparent and conductive capabilities, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO), may be used to form the first electrode 13. In other embodiments, magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag) may be used to form the first electrode 13 as a reflective electrode.

The first electrode 13 may have a single layer or a multi-layer structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 13 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

The organic layer 15 is disposed on the first electrode 13.

The organic layer 15 refers to a plurality of layers disposed between the first electrode 13 and the second electrode 17 in the organic light-emitting device 10.

The organic layer 15 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 15 may include a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode 13 and the emission layer. The hole-transporting region includes at least one of layer selected from a hole-injecting layer (HIL), a hole-transporting layer (HTL), a functional layer having both hole-injecting and hole-transporting capabilities (H-functional layer), a buffer layer and an electron-blocking layer (EBL).

The organic layer 15 may include an electron-transporting region disposed between the second electrode 17 and the emission layer. The electron transport region includes at least one of layer selected from a hole-blocking layer (HBL), an electron-transporting layer (ETL), an electron-injecting layer (EIL), and a functional layer having both electron-injecting and electron-transporting capabilities (E-functional layer).

According to an embodiment, the organic layer 15 may sequentially include the HIL, HTL, buffer layer, EML, ETL, and EIL.

The HIL may be formed on the first electrode 13 using various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) deposition.

When the HIL is formed using vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the HIL, and the desired structure and thermal properties of the HIL to be formed. For example, vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a pressure of about 10⁻⁸ torr to about 10⁻³ torr, and a deposition rate of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec.

When the HIL is formed using spin coating, the coating conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the HIL, and the desired structure and thermal properties of the HIL to be formed. For example, the coating rate may be in a range of about 2000 rpm to about 5000 rpm, and a temperature at which heat treatment is performed to remove a solvent after coating may be in a range of about 80° C. to about 200° C.

The HIL may be formed of a hole-injecting material, examples of which include N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-[4-(phenyl-m-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (DNTPD); a phthalocyanine compound such as copper phthalocyanine; 4,4′,4″-tris(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), N,N′-di(1-naphthyl group-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (NPB), TDATA, 2-TNATA, polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (Pani/CSA), and (polyaniline)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS):

A thickness of the HIL may be about 100 Å to about 10000 Å, and in some embodiments, may be from about 100 Å to about 1000 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the HIL within these ranges may help provide the HIL with good hole-injecting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Then, the HTL may be formed on the HIL by using various methods, such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, and LB deposition. When the HTL is formed using vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL, though the conditions for deposition and coating may vary according to the material that is used to form the HTL.

The HTL may include a hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2):

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), X₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; X₁₂ is CR₁₂ or N; X₁₃ is CR₁₃ or N; X₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; X₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; X₁₆ is CR₁₆ or N; X₁₇ is CR₁₇ or N; X₁₈ is CR₁₈ or N; X₁₉ is CR₁₉ or N; X₂₀ is CR₂₀ or N; X₂₁ is CR₂₁ or N; X₂₂ is CR₂₂ or N; X₂₃ is CR₂₃ or N; X₂₄ is CR₂₄ or N.

For example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), X₁₁ may be C(R₁₁), X₁₂ may be C(R₁₂), X₁₃ may be C(R₁₃), X₁₄ may be C(R₁₄), X₁₅ may be C(R₁₅), X₁₆ may be C(R₁₆), X₁₇ may be C(R₁₇), X₁₈ may be C(R₁₈), X₁₉ may be C(R₁₉), X₂₀ may be C(R₂₀), X₂₁ may be C(R₂₁), X₂₂ may be C(R₂₂), X₂₃ may be C(R₂₃), and X₂₄ may be C(R₂₄).

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from

i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

For example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2) above, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from

i) a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a benzocarbazolyl group; and

ii) a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a furanyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzooxazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a benzocarbazolyl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaryl group.

As another example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from

i) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

ii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

As another example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ may each independently be represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20 below:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-20, * represents a bonding site of Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2) to N.

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from

i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

For example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2) above, Z₁ and Z₂ may each independently be selected from

i) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;

ii) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

iii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

iv) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

As another example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20 below:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-20, * represents carbon atoms of a fluorene ring in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2).

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from

i) hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

v) —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇) (wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₇ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group).

For example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from

i) hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group;

ii) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

iii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

iv) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

As another example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2) above, Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, or a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group.

As another example, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2) above, Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20 below:

In Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), p is the number of Z₃s and p is an integer of 1 to 4. When p is 2 or greater, a p number of Z₃s may be the same or different. q is the number of Z₄s and is an integer of 1 to 4. When q is 2 or greater, a q number of Z₄s may be the same or different.

According to an embodiment, the hole-transporting material may be represented by any one of Formulae 2a and 2b:

In Formula 2a or 2b,

Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20;

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group or a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20 below:

Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20; and

p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to 4.

In other embodiments, the hole-transporting material may be represented by any one of Compounds 6-1 to 6-144 below:

The HTL may further include a hole-transporting material, examples of which include carbazole derivatives, such as N-phenylcarbazole and polyvinylcarbazole, N,N′-bis(3-methyl phenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-[1,1-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TPD), 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), and N,N′-di(1-naphthyl-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine) (NPB):

The thickness of the HTL may be from about 50 Å to about 2000 Å, and in some embodiments, may be from about 100 Å to about 1500 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the HTL within these ranges may help provide the HTL with good hole-transporting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The H-functional layer (having both hole-injecting and hole-transporting capabilities) may contain at least one material from each group of the HIL materials and HTL materials. The thickness of the H-functional layer may be from about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, and in some embodiments, may be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the H-functional layer within these ranges may help provide the H-functional layer with good hole-injecting and transporting abilities without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In some embodiments, at least one layer selected from the HIL, HTL, and H-functional layer may include at least one compound of Formula 300 below and a compound of Formula 301 below:

In Formula 300, Ar₁₀₁ and Ar₁₀₂ may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group.

For example, Ar₁₀₁ and Ar₁₀₂ may each independently be selected from a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a phenylenylene group, and a pentacenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthrylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a phenylenylene group, and a pentacenylene group each substituted with deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

In Formula 300, xa and xb may each independently be an integer of 0 to 5, or 0, 1, or 2. For example, the xa may be 1 and the xb may be 0.

In Formula 300 and 301, R₁₀₁ to R₁₀₈, R₁₁₁ to R₁₁₉, and R₁₂₁ to R₁₂₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₆₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryloxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ arylthio group.

For example, the R₅₁ to R₅₈, R₆₁ to R₆₉, and R₇₁ and R₇₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen; deuterium; a halogen atom; a hydroxyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; an amino group; an amidino group; hydrazine; hydrazone; a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof; a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof; a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof; a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group); a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group (for example, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, and a pentoxy group);

a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, and a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof;

a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; an anthryl group; a fluorenyl group; a pyrenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a fluorenyl group, and a pyrenyl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group.

In Formula 300, R₁₀₉ may be a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; an anthryl group; a biphenyl group; a pyridyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a biphenyl group, and a pyridyl group each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group.

According to an embodiment, a compound represented by Formula 300 above may be represented by Formula 300A below:

In Formula 300A, detailed descriptions of R₁₀₁, R₁₁₁, R₁₁₂, and R₁₀₉ are as described above.

For example, at least one of the HIL, HTL, and H-functional layer may include one or more of the Compounds 301 to 320 below:

At least one of the HIL, HTL, and H-functional layer may further include a charge-generating material to, for example, improve conductivity of a film, in addition to a hole-injecting material, a hole-transporting material, and/or a material having both hole-injecting and hole-transporting capabilities.

The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one of a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound. Examples of the p-dopant are quinone derivatives such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); metal oxides such as tungsten oxide and molybdenum oxide; and cyano group containing compounds such as Compound 200 below:

When the HIL, HTL, or the H-functional layer further includes the charge-generating material, the charge-generating material may be homogeneously dispersed or inhomogeneously distributed in the HIL, HTL, or H-functional layer.

The buffer layer may be disposed between the EML and at least one layer selected from the HIL, HTL, and H-functional layer. The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance of light according to a wavelength of the light emitted from the EML, and may increase efficiency. The buffer layer may include any hole-injecting material or hole-transporting material. In some other embodiments, the buffer layer may include the same material as one of the materials included in the HIL, HTL, and H-functional layer that underlies the buffer layer.

Then, the EML may be formed on the HTL, H-functional layer, or buffer layer by, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or LB deposition. When the EML is formed using vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL, though the conditions for deposition and coating may vary according to the material that is used to form the EML.

The EML may include a light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1A to 1E below:

In Formulae 1A to 1E above, ring A and ring B are each independently selected from

i) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring; and

ii) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group), wherein, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, C₁ to C₄ each independently represent any one of carbon atoms forming each of the ring A and the ring B.

In some embodiments, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, the ring A and the ring B may each independently be selected from

i) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring; and

ii) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group).

In other embodiments, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, the ring A and the ring B are each independently selected from

i) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, and isoquinoline; and

ii) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, and isoquinoline each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a t-butyl group, an octyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and —N(Ph)₂.

In other embodiments, in Formula 1A to 1E above, the ring A and the ring B may each independently be represented by any one of Formulae 1(1) to 1(11):

In Formulae 1(1) to 1(11), C₅ and C₆ are each independently carbon atoms of Formulae 1(1) to 1(11) and represent any one carbon atom of C₁ to C₄.

In Formulae 1A to 1E above, X₁ is CR₁ or N and; X₂ is CR₂ or N.

In some embodiments, in Formula 1A to 1E above, X₁ may be CR₁ and X₂ may be CR₂.

In Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group); and R₁ and R₂ may be connected to each other to selectively form a C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀ unsaturated ring.

For example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group).

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a t-butyl group, an octyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and —N(Ph)₂.

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₁ and R₂ may each independently be hydrogen.

In Formula 1A to 1E above, Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁ and; Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄).

In Formula 1A to 1E above, L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group.

For example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, L₁ and L₂ are each independently

i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group;

ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each independently substituted with at least one selected from a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E, L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from

i) a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group;

ii) a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

iii) a C₆-C₆₀ arylene group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E, L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from

i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group;

ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group; and

iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, and a carbazole group.

In Formulae 1A to 1E above, n1 represents the number of L1s and is an integer of 0 to 3. When n1 is an integer of 2 or greater, the n1 number of L1s may be the same or different. n2 represents the number of L2s, and is an integer of 0 to 3. When n2 is an integer of 2 or greater, the n2 number of L2s may be the same or different.

In Formula 1A to 1E, Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently selected from

i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E, Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ may each independently be selected from

i) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

ii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

As another example, in Formula 1A to 1E above, Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ may each independently be represented by any one of Formulae H1 to H81 below:

In Formulae H1 to H81 above, * is a bonding site to N, L₁, or L₂.

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ may each independently be a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1, H3, H4, H6, H12, and H77 to H80:

In other embodiments, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, L₁ and L₂ are each independently

i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group;

ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group;

iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, and a carbazole group;

n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 or 1; and

Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ may each independently be a compound represented by any one of Formula H1, H3, H4, H6, H12, and H77 to H8:

In Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from

i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group;

iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

For example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from

i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and

iv) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.

As another example, in Formulae 1A to 1E above, R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from

i) a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group;

ii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group; and

iii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group each substituted with at least one selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.

In some embodiments, Formulae 1A to 1E above may be represented by any one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-28:

In Formulae 1-1 to 1-28, Y₁ and Y₂ are as described above.

In other embodiments, the light-emitting material may be represented by any one of Compounds 100 to 236 below:

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the EML may be patterned into a red EML, a green EML, and a blue EML. In some embodiments, the EML may include, for example, at least two of the red EML, the green EML, and the blue EML that are stacked upon one another to emit white light.

The EML may further include a light-emitting material. For example, the EML may further include a host and/or a dopant.

Exemplary hosts including tris(8-quinolinato)aluminum (Alq₃), 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP), poly(n-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 4,4′,4″-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazole-2-yl)benzene (TPBI), 3-tert-butyl-9,10-di(napth-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), 9,9′-(1,3-phenylene)bis-9H-carbazole (mCP), E3, 1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl] (OXD-7), distyryl arylene (DSA), dmCBP (see Formula below), and Compounds 501 to 509 below:

In some embodiments, as the host, an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 400 below may be used:

In Formula 400, Ar₁₁₁ and Ar₁₁₂ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ arylene group; Ar₁₁₃ to Ar₁₁₉ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ aryl group; and g, h, i, and j may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4.

In some embodiments, in Formula 60 above, Ar₁₁₁ and Ar₁₁₂ may each independently be a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, or a pyrenylene group; or a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, a fluorenyl group, or a pyrenylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group.

In Formula 60 above, g, h, i, and j may each independently be an integer of 0, 1, or 2.

In Formula 400 above, Ar₁₁₃ to Ar₁₁₆ are each independently a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group each substituted with at least one of a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group; a phenyl group; a naphthyl group; an anthryl group; a pyrenyl group; a phenanthrenyl group; a fluorenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group; and

In some embodiments, an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 400 above may be one of the compounds below:

In some embodiments, as the host, an anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 401 below may be used:

In Formula 401 above, detailed descriptions of Ar₁₂₂ to Ar₁₂₅ are as referred to in the description of Ar₁₁₃ of Formula 400 above.

In Formula 401 above, Ar₁₂₆ and Ar₁₂₇ may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).

In Formula 401, k and l may each independently be an integer of 0 to 4. For example, the k and l may be 0, 1, or 2.

For example, the anthracene-based compound represented by Formula 401 may be one of the compounds below:

The dopant may be at least one dopant selected from a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant. The phosphorescent dopant may be an organic metal complex including Ir, Pt, Os, Re, Ti, Zr, Hf, or a combination of two or more of these.

Examples of blue dopants are F₂Irpic, (F₂ppy)₂Ir(tmd), Ir(dfppz)₃, ter-fluorene (fluorene), 4,4′-bis(4-diphenyl aminostyryl)biphenyl (DPAVBi), 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butyl perylene (TBPe), and 4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenyl vinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi):

For example, the compounds below may be used as the red dopant. In some embodiments, DCM or DCJTB shown below may be used as the red dopant:

For example, the compounds below may be used as the green dopant. In some embodiments, C545T below may be used:

A thickness of the EML may be about 100 Å to about 1000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the EML within these ranges may help provide the EML with good light-emitting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Then, the ETL may be formed on the EML by any of a variety of methods, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, or casting. When the ETL is formed using vacuum deposition or spin coating, the deposition and coating conditions may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL, though the deposition and coating conditions may vary according to a material that is used to form the ETL. The material of the ETL may be the compound according to an embodiment or any material that can stably transport electrons injected from an electron-injecting electrode (cathode). Exemplary of materials for forming the ETL include quinoline derivatives, such as tris(8-quinolinorate)aluminum (Alq₃), TAZ, BAlq, beryllium bis(benzoquinolin-10-olate) (Bebq₂), 9,10-di(naphthalene-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), Compound 201, and Compound 202:

A thickness of the ETL may be from about 100 Å to about 1,000 ÅÅ and in some embodiments, may be from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the ETL within these ranges may help provide the ETL with satisfactory electron-transporting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

In some embodiments, the ETL may further include a metal-containing material in addition to an electron-transporting organic compound.

The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. Examples of the Li complex are lithium quinolate (LiQ) and Compound 203 below:

Also, the EIL, which has a function of facilitating an injection of electrons from the cathode, may be layered on the ETL. Any suitable electron-injecting material may be used to form the EIL.

EIL-forming materials such as, for example, LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li₂O, and BaO may be used. The deposition and coating conditions for forming the EIL may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL, though the deposition and coating conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the EIL.

A thickness of the EIL may be from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and in some embodiments, may be from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the EIL within these ranges may help provide the EIL with satisfactory electron-injecting ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The second electrode 17 is disposed on the organic layer 15. The second electrode 17 may be a cathode, for example, an electron-injecting electrode, wherein a material for forming the second electrode 17 may be a metal, an alloy, and an electro-conductive compound, which may have a low work function, or a mixture thereof. In this regard, the second electrode 17 may be formed of lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and may be formed as a thin film type transmission electrode. In some embodiments, to manufacture a top-emission light-emitting device, the transmission electrode may be formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).

When a phosphorescent dopant is used in the EML, a hole-blocking layer (HBL) may be formed between the HTL and EML or the H-functional layer and EML by using, for example, vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, or LB deposition, in order to prevent diffusion of triplet excitons or holes into the ETL. When the HBL is formed using vacuum deposition or spin coating, the conditions for deposition and coating may be similar to those for the formation of the HIL, although the conditions for deposition and coating may vary according to the material that is used to form the HBL. A hole-blocking material may be used. Exemplary hole-blocking materials include oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, and phenanthroline derivatives. In some embodiments, BCP shown below may be used as a hole-blocking material:

A thickness of the HBL may be about 20 Å to about 1000 Å, and in some embodiments, may be about 30 Å to about 300 Å. Maintaining the thickness of the HBL within these ranges may help provide the HBL with improved hole blocking ability without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

A light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1A to 1E may have a wide energy gap, and the triplet energy of the light-emitting material may be suitable for phosphorescent light emission. Furthermore, an organic light-emitting device including the light-emitting material may show a high efficiency characteristic. The hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) has a structure in which a second benzene is bonded to a meta position of a first benzene that is bonded to the carbazole-based ring, based on a first carbon bonded to the carbazole-based ring (see Formulae 2(1)′ and 2(2)′).

Compared to a structure in which the second benzene is bonded to a para position of the first benzene that is bonded to the carbazole-based ring, based on the first carbon bonded to the carbazole-based ring, a hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) may have lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (based on the measured value) and slower hole mobility. Accordingly, hole mobility may generally be faster than electron mobility, and a balance between hole mobility and electron mobility may be achieved in an EML of an organic light-emitting device including a compound represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) in a hole-transporting region between the anode and the EML. Also, the compound represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) may block the leakage of electrons injected from the second electrode (cathode) from the EML to the HTL. Accordingly, including a compound represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) in the hole-transporting region may help provide the organic light-emitting device with high efficiency and a long lifespan

An organic light-emitting device including a light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1A to 1E above and a hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) above includes a suitable material for a phosphorescent light emission as a host to form excitons in the EML, which may show a high efficiency characteristic, and electrons leaked from the EML to the HTL may be reduced such that most excitons formed in the EML may contribute to light emission. Accordingly, even if the driving voltage of the organic light-emitting device increases, a decrease in efficiency is relative small (because a roll-off, i.e., an efficiency decrease at high brightness levels, does not occur) and the organic light-emitting device may exhibit an efficiency versus brightness similar to those of Examples 1 to 12 as shown in the graphs of FIGS. 2 and 3.

Accordingly, the organic light-emitting device including the light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1 and 2 above and the hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) may show low driving voltage, high efficiency, and high color purity.

In an embodiment, the EML including the light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1 and 2 and the HTL including the hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2) may contact each other.

As used herein, specific examples of an unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group (or the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group) include a linear or a branched C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, and hexyl, and a substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group is the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, wherein one or more of hydrogen atoms of the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group are substituted with deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ fluoroalkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), and —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅) (wherein, Q₁₁ to Q₁₅ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group).

As used herein, an unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group (or the C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group) has a formula of —OA (wherein, A is the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group as described above), and specific examples of the unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropyloxy, and at least one hydrogen atom of the alkoxy groups may be substituted with the substituents described above in conjunction with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

As used herein, an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group (or the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group) is a hydrocarbon chain having a carbon-carbon double bond in the center or at a terminal of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group. Examples of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group are ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl. At least one hydrogen atom in the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group may be substituted with the substituents described above in conjunction with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

As used herein, an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group (or a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group) is a C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the center or at a terminal thereof. Examples of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group are an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. At least one hydrogen atom in the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group may be substituted with those substituents described above in conjunction with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

As used herein, an unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group is a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms including at least one aromatic ring, and an unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group is a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms including at least one aromatic ring. When the unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group include at least two rings, two or more rings may be fused to each other. At least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group may be substituted with those substituents described above in conjunction with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

Examples of a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include a phenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl phenyl group (for example, an ethyl phenyl group), a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl biphenyl group (for example, an ethyl biphenyl group), a halophenyl group (for example, an o-, m-, and p-fluorophenyl group and a dichlorophenyl group), a dicyanophenyl group, a trifluoromethoxy phenyl group, an o-, m-, and p-tolyl group, an o-, m-, and p-cumenyl group, a mesityl group, a phenoxy phenyl group, an (α,α-dimethyl benzene)phenyl group, an (N,N′-dimethyl)aminophenyl group, an (N,N′-diphenyl)aminophenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, a halonaphthyl group (for example, a fluoronaphthyl group), a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl naphthyl group (for example, a methyl naphthyl group), a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy naphthyl group (for example, a methoxy naphthyl group), an anthracenyl group, an azulenyl group, an acenaphthylenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a fluorenyl group, an anthraquinolyl group, a methyl anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, an ethyl-chrysenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a chloroperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a tetraphenylenyl group, a hexaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coroneryl group, a trinaphthylenyl group, a heptaphenyl group, a heptacenyl group, a pyranthrenyl group, an ovalenyl group, and a spiro-fluorenyl group, and examples of the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group may be inferred based on the examples of the unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the substituents described above in conjunction with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group may be inferred based on the examples of the substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group.

As used herein, an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group is a monovalent group having a system formed of at least one aromatic ring that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as ring-forming atoms and carbon atoms as other ring atoms, and an unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group is a divalent group having a system formed of at least one aromatic ring that includes at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as ring-forming atoms and carbon atoms as other ring atoms. Here, when the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group include two or more rings, the two or more rings may be fused to each other. At least one hydrogen atom of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group may be substituted with those substituents described above in conjunction with the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

Examples of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group include a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, a furanyl group, a thiophenyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group. Examples of the unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group may be inferred based on the examples of a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ arylene group.

A substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group represents —OA₂ (where, A₂ is a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group represents —SA₃ (where, A₃ is a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order to highlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will be understood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments, nor are the Comparative Examples to be construed as being outside the scope of the embodiments. Further, it will be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the particular details described in the Examples and Comparative Examples.

EXAMPLES Example 1

As a substrate and an anode, a ITO (7 nm)/Ag (100 nm)/ITO (7 nm) glass substrate was cut into a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, and then ultrasonically washed using isopropyl alcohol and ultrapure water for 5 minutes, followed by irradiation of UV and exposure to ozone for cleaning for about 30 minutes. The glass substrate was then loaded onto a vacuum deposition device.

On an ITO layer, which is an anode, Compound B below was vacuum deposited to form an HIL having a thickness of 1200 Å, and Compound 6-12 was deposited on the HIL having a thickness of 350 Å to form an HTL. Compound 226 (host) and Compound D(1) (dopant) below were vacuum deposited in a weight ratio of 10:1 to form an EML having a thickness of 400 Å.

Then, Compound 201 and LiQ were vacuum deposited on the EML in a weight ratio of 1:1 to form an ETL having a thickness of 360 Å, then LiQ was deposited on the ETL to form an EIL having a thickness of 5 Å, and then Mg—Al was deposited on the EIL to form a second electrode (cathode) having a thickness of 130 Å to manufacture an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except for using Compound 6-132 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 119 instead of Compound 226 when forming an EML.

Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except for using Compound 6-84 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 103 instead of Compound 226 when forming an EML.

Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except for using Compound 6-36 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 112 instead of Compound 226 when forming an EML.

Example 5

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except for using Compound 6-4 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 110 instead of Compound 226 when forming an EML.

Example 6

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except for using Compound 6-10 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 221 instead of Compound 226 when forming an EML.

Example 7

The same substrate as in Example 1 was used and the Compound B was deposited on the ITO layer, which is an anode, to form an HIL having a thickness of 1200 Å, and then Compound 6-12 was deposited on the HIL having a thickness of 750 Å to form an HTL.

Compound 222 (host) and Compound D(2)(dopant) below were vacuum deposited on the HTL in a weight ratio of 10:0.02 to form an EML having a thickness of 400 Å.

Then, Compound 201 and LiQ were vacuum deposited on the EML in a weight ratio of 1:1 to form an ETL having a thickness of 360 Å, then LiQ was deposited on the ETL to form an EIL having a thickness of 5 Å, and then Mg—Al was deposited on the EIL to form a second electrode (cathode) having a thickness of 130 Å, thereby manufacturing an organic light-emitting device.

Example 8

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7 above, except for using Compound 6-132 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 214 instead of Compound 222 when forming an EML.

Example 9

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7 above, except for using Compound 6-84 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 235 instead of Compound 222 when forming an EML.

Example 10

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7 above, except for using Compound 6-36 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 218 instead of Compound 222 when forming an EML.

Example 11

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7 above, except for using Compound 6-4 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 234 instead of Compound 222 when forming an EML.

Example 12

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7 above, except for using Compound 6-10 instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL, and using Compound 236 instead of Compound 222 when forming an EML.

Comparative Example 1

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using Compound A instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL.

Comparative Example 2

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except for using Compound B instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL.

Comparative Example 3

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7, except for using Compound A instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL.

Comparative Example 4

An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7, except for using Compound B instead of Compound 6-12 when forming an HTL.

Evaluation Example

Driving voltage, current density, efficiency, and color purity of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated by supplying power from a voltage and current meter (Kethley SMU 236) and using a luminance meter (PR650 Spectroscan Source Measurement Unit., available from PhotoResearch). The organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were evaluated at 9000 cd/m², and the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 7 to 12 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were evaluated at 3000 cd/m². The results are shown in Table 1 below.

TABLE 1 Current Driving density voltage (mA/ Efficiency Power Color coordinates (V) cm²) (cd/A) (lm/W) CIE_x CIE_y Example 1 3.8 10.1 89.3 74.2 0.282 0.686 Example 2 4.3 10.3 87.6 63.9 0.272 0.698 Example 3 3.7 9.5 94.8 80.6 0.263 0.704 Example 4 4.3 10.4 86.9 63.6 0.230 0.724 Example 5 4.1 10.4 86.9 65.9 0.256 0.711 Example 6 3.9 10.4 86.7 70.0 0.276 0.693 Example 7 4.6 7.4 40.4 27.5 0.659 0.338 Example 8 4.7 7.0 43.0 29.1 0.656 0.343 Example 9 4.8 7.2 42.0 27.2 0.652 0.347 Example 10 4.7 7.1 42.4 28.2 0.651 0.347 Example 11 4.7 7.5 40.2 26.6 0.656 0.342 Example 12 4.7 7.6 39.7 26.6 0.653 0.346 Comparative 3.8 14.4 62.4 51.7 0.233 0.732 Example 1 Comparative 3.6 13.7 65.6 57.2 0.245 0.713 Example 2 Comparative 4.5 9.7 30.9 21.5 0.662 0.337 Example 3 Comparative 4.4 9.5 31.6 22.4 0.652 0.346 Example 4

Referring to Table 1 above, the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 12 have higher efficiency and excellent color purity characteristics than the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4. Graphs of efficiency versus brightness for the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

By way of summation and review, an OLED may have a structure including an anode, a hole-transporting layer (HTL), an emission layer (EML), an electron-transporting layer (ETL), and a cathode, which may be sequentially stacked on a substrate. The HTL, the EML, and the ETL are organic thin films formed of organic compounds.

An operating principle of an OLED having the above-described structure may be described as follows. When a voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode, holes injected from the anode may move to the EML via the HTL, and electrons injected from the cathode may move to the EML via the ETL. Carriers such as the holes and the electrons may recombine in the EML to generate excitons. When the excitons drop from an excited state to a ground state, light may be emitted.

Provided is an organic light-emitting device including the presently disclosed light-emitting material in an emission layer, and the presently disclosed hole-transporting material in a hole-transporting region. The organic light-emitting device may have low driving voltage, high efficiency, high color purity, and a long lifespan.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including at least one light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1A to 1E:

wherein, in Formulae 1A to 1E, ring A and ring B are each independently selected from i) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring; and ii) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group); C₁ to C₄ each independently represent carbon atoms forming the ring A or the ring B; X₁ is CR₁ or N; X₂ is CR₂ or N; R₁ and R₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group), wherein R₁ and R₂ may connect to each other to selectively form a C₆-C₂₀ saturated ring or a C₆-C₂₀ unsaturated ring; Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁; Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄); L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group; n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently selected from i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole-transporting region including at least one hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2(1) and 2(2):

wherein, in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2), X₁₁ is CR₁₁ or N; X₁₂ is CR₁₂ or N; X₁₃ is CR₁₃ or N; X₁₄ is CR₁₄ or N; X₁₅ is CR₁₅ or N; X₁₆ is CR₁₆ or N; X₁₇ is CR₁₇ or N; X₁₈ is CR₁₈ or N; X₁₉ is CR₁₉ or N; X₂₀ is CR₂₀ or N; X₂₁ is CR₂₁ or N; X₂₂ is CR₂₂ or N; X₂₃ is CR₂₃ or N; X₂₄ is CR₂₄ or N; Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from i) hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and v) —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), and —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇) (wherein, Q₁₁ to Q₁₇ are each independently a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, or a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group); Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to
 4. 2. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ring A and the ring B are each independently selected from i) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring; and ii) a C₆-C₂₀ aromatic ring and a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaromatic ring each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, a C₂-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, and —N(Q₁)(Q₂) (wherein, Q₁ and Q₂ are each independently a C₆-C₁₀ aryl group).
 3. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ring A and the ring B are each independently selected from i) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, and isoquinoline; and ii) benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, quinoline, and isoquinoline each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a t-butyl group, an octyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, and —N(Ph)₂.
 4. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of n1 and n2 is nonzero, and L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group; ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group; iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, and a carbazole group.
 5. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂, are each independently selected from i) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and ii) a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.
 6. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1 to H81:

wherein, in Formulae H1 to H81, * is a bonding site to N, L₁, or L₂.
 7. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group; ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group; and iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, and a carbazole group; n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 or 1; Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1, H3, H4, H6, H12, and H77 to H80:


8. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-emitting material is represented by any one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-28:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-28, Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁; Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄); L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ heteroarylene group; n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently selected from i) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and ii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group.
 9. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light-emitting material is represented by any one of Compounds 100 to 236:


10. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein X₁₁ is C(R₁₁), X₁₂ is C(R₁₂), X₁₃ is C(R₁₃), X₁₄ is C(R₁₄), X₁₅ is C(R₁₅), X₁₆ is C(R₁₆), X₁₇ is C(R₁₇), X₁₈ is C(R₁₈), X₁₉ is C(R₁₉), X₂₀ is C(R₂₀), X₂₁ is C(R₂₁), X₂₂ is C(R₂₂), X₂₃ is C(R₂₃), and X₂₄ is C(R₂₄).
 11. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently selected from i) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and ii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.
 12. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₄ are each independently represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-20, * represents a bonding site to N of Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2).
 13. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from i) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group; ii) a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; iii) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and iv) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthryl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, a quinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.
 14. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently selected from a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-20, * represents a carbon atom of a fluorene ring in Formula 2(1) or Formula 2(2).
 15. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group.
 16. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:


17. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hole-transporting material is represented by any one of Formulae 2a and 2b:

wherein, in Formula 2a or 2b, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently represented by any one of a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and Formulae 3-1 to 3-20; Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and compounds represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20; and p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to
 4. 18. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hole-transporting material is represented by any one of Compounds 6-1 to 6-144:


19. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including at least one light-emitting material represented by any one of Formulae 1-1 to 1-28:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-28, Y₁ is N-(L₁)_(n1)-Ar₁₁; Y₂ is N-(L₂)_(n2)-Ar₁₂, O, S, C(R₃₁)(R₃₂), or Si(R₃₃)(R₃₄); L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from i) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group; ii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridyl group; iii) a phenylene group, a pyridylene group, a pyrimidylene group, a triazinylene group, and a quinazolinylene group each substituted with at least one of deuterium, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-octyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridyl group, and a carbazole group; n1 and n2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; Ar₁₁ and Ar₁₂ are each independently a compound represented by any one of Formulae H1 to H81:

wherein, in Formulae H1 to H81, * is a bonding site to N, L₁, or L₂; R₃₁ to R₃₄ are each independently selected from i) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; ii) a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; iii) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and iv) a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, and a C₂-C₆₀ heteroaryl group; and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole-transporting region including at least one hole-transporting material represented by any one of Formulae 2a and 2b:

wherein, in Formula 2a or 2b, Ar₁₃ and Ar₁₄ are each independently represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20:

Z₁ and Z₂ are each independently a selected from a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20: Z₃, Z₄, and R₁₁ to R₂₄ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, hydrazine, hydrazone, a carboxyl acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a compound represented by any one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-20; and p and q are each independently an integer of 1 to
 4. 20. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the emission layer including at least one selected from Compounds 100 to 236:

and a hole-transporting region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, the hole-transporting region including at least one selected from Compounds 6-1 to 6-144: 